Questions 1-2
Helium: He
Atomic Number: 2
Atomic Mass: 4.003
2 Quarters=2 Protons
2 Nickels=2 Neutrons
2 Pennies=2 Electrons
Neon: Ne
Atomic Number: 10
Atomic Mass: 20.18
10 Quarters=12 Protons
10 Nickels=10 Neutrons
10 Pennies=10 Electrons
Lithium: Li
Atomic Number: 3
Atomic Mass: 6.941
3. In your models, which two subatomic particles are equal in
number?
The subatomic particles that are
equal in each of the atoms are protons and electrons.
4. How would you make an isotope for one of your models?
What would change with the model?
In order to create an isotope of
one of the atoms, the number of neurons must be changed. For example, an isotope of Helium would be
Helium^4.
5. Considering the overall volume of your element models,
what makes up most of the volume of an atom?
In an atom, most of its volume
consists of air space. Neutrons and
protons create the nucleus, and the electrons orbit the nucleus. But most of the area is just air.
6. For one of your models, show with another image what
happens when energy excites an electron.
 |
| The energy produced when the atom gets excited makes an electron move to a lower energy level and expels a proton, usually creating light or visible color. |
7. Once the electron is excited, what do we typically observe
when the electron returns to the ground state?
After it has been excited and
returns to its original energy state, we can see a visible light or color
change from the energy changing levels.
8. Why
are some elements different colors when they are excited? Hint: when electrons
are excited (by something like heat from an explosive) they move up to another
orbital and when they fall back they release the energy in the form of light.
The elements can be different
colors while their energy state changes due to the different amount of
electrons in the atoms. When there are
different numbers of electrons shifting with energy, they will give off a
different color.
9. With the Fourth of July coming up quickly, explain how the
colors of fireworks arise.
When chemicals such as metal salts
and metal oxides are heated through the lighting of a firework, the atoms in
each element absorb the heat and absorb the energy, causing them to become
excited. When they become excited their
electrons rearrange to a higher energy state.
When the electrons return to their original state, the excess energy is
emitted through different colors of light.
The different compounds of elements determine what color is to be
seen. For example, Strontium and Lithium
create red colored fireworks.
10. Explain the overall organizational structure of the
periodic table.
The overall organization of the
Periodic table is through Atomic Number and the properties of the element. Each element is also placed specifically onto
the table due to is structure of valence electrons. The number of bonds any one element can
create with other elements determines Valence.
The number of Valente bonds is individual to each element on the
table. These groups are Alkali Metals,
Alkaline Earth, Halogens, Nobel Gases, Transition Metals, Non-Metals, and
Metalloids.
11. List two
example elements for each of these groups or classes: Alkali Metals, Alkaline
Earth, Halogens, Noble Gases, Transition Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids.
Alkaline
Metals: Lithium and Rubidium
Alkaline
Earth: Beryllium and Radium
Halogens:
Iodine and Fluorine
Nobel
Gases: Krypton and Xenon
Transition
Metals: Vanadium and Molybdenum
Non-Metals:
Sulfur and Selenium
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