Activity 3: Common Molecules, Structures, and Names

1.    Post a picture of three 3-dimensional Ball and Stick molecular models(choose your three favorite molecules) that you have created with common items around your home. Also post a molecular structure image(image from the web, of either a Kekule Structure or a Ball and Stick Model) and the IUPAC name of the molecule.

a.     Molecule: Methane

IUPAC Name: Tetrahydridocarbon

Methane Kekule

b.     Molecule: Water

IUPAC Name: Oxidane

Water Kekule

c.      Molecule: Carbon Dioxide

IUPAC Name: Carbonic Oxide

CO2 Kekule

2.    Post an image from the web, the chemical systematic (IUPAC) name, common name, and the molecule formula for 20 chemicals that you use or eat. Explore the ingredients of things like cosmetics and foods. 

1. Silica
Silicon Dioxide
SiO4

2. Corn Starch
5-[5-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) -5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyloxane-3,4-diol, C27H48O20

3. Bleach
Sodium Hypochlorite
NaClO

4. Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide
H2O2

5. Milk
Magnesium Hydroxide
Mg(OH)2

6. Alcohol
Ethanol
C2H6O

7. Orange Juice
Citric Acid
C6H8O7

8. Cocoa Powder
Theobromine
C7H8N4O2

9. Toothpaste
Sodium Fluoride, Monofluorophosphate
NaPO3F

10. Nail polish remover
Acetone
C3H6O

11. Banana Oil
Isopentyl Acetate
C7H14O2

12. Lighter Fluid
Butane
C4H10

13. Aspirin
Acetylsalicylic Acid
C9H804

14. Vinegar
Acetic Acid
HC2H3O2

15. Sugar
Sucrose(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triolC12H22O11

16. Vanilla
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
C8H803

17. Baking Soda
Sodium Bicarbonate
NaHCO3

18. Aluminum Foil
Aluminum
Al

19. Salt
Sodium Chloride
NaCl

20. Water
Water Oxidane, Dihydrogen Monoxide
H2O

3.    Look over your molecules and the bonding characteristics, how many bonds does each of the following elements typically have?  Carbon? Hydrogen? Oxygen?

Carbon: 4 bonds

Hydrogen: 1 bond

Oxygen: 2 bonds

4.    What does IUPAC stand for?

·      IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

5. As you explore ingredients, notice how everything around us is made up of chemicals consisting of atoms bound together into molecules.  But what about companies that claim their products are chemical free! How can this be?  Here is an example: 

http://www.naturalhealthcareproducts.com/Cleaning-Products.php

Do a little web searching and propose what chemicals are actually in this product. Keep in mind, that everything at the molecular level is a chemical, whether it be made in nature or in a lab.

“Phosphate free to protect the environment. Charged with oxygen to deliver a white and bright wash without harming our most precious resource - nature! The fresh aroma is from Australian eucalyptus oil, which is also prized for its grease cutting properties EcoSafe Laundry Powder Concentrate contains the highest amount of active ingredients that can be packed into a laundry powder - there is no fillers to pad out this economical product; with enzymes to remove proteins and blood; a chlorine scavenger for town water; and an anti-redeposition agent to keep dirt in suspension to prevent it from re-settling on fabric.”

http://www.naturalhealthcareproducts.com/Cleaning-Products.php

Chemicals are found in all products regardless of them claiming to be chemical free.  Many products only use natural and ecofriendly chemicals instead of processed chemicals from a lab.  These chemicals are better for the environment and people, but are chemicals nonetheless. Lemon and vinegar for example are very common natural cleaning chemicals.